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Buddha Mudras: Buddhas Sacred Hand Positions

Have‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ you ever thought about the fact that Buddha statues are never the same? Some have their hands lying quietly in their lap, some point to the earth, and some are lifted in a sign of comfort.

It’s not random. The‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ hands of a Buddha figure, it may be a towering marble Buddha statue or a small brass Buddha statue for an altar, are the ones that are calling you. These‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ characters communicate with each other through one silent language common to all which is Mudra, a Sanskrit term meaning “seal,” “gesture,” or “mark.”

If you want to be really familiar with the Buddha sculptures and also be able to purchase the right piece for your home or garden, you need to comprehend this deep language. Mudras are not simply the figures of the Buddha showing a certain way of the hand; they are the important symbolic lifelines of the Buddha’s life, the Buddha’s different levels of awareness, or the Buddha’s deep ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌teaching. They are quick to communicate being wise, courageous, or calm.

This is your guide to the most holy and common Buddha mudras can be deciphered that you will find in Buddhist ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌art.

The Language of the Hands: Why Mudras Matter

In‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ the tradition of Buddhist art, each pose, each adornment, and each placement signify something profound. The mudra is, without a doubt, the most significant iconographic detail which essentially determines the entire objective of the work.

Choosing‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ a Buddha statue as home decoration means that you are introducing a powerful energy into your place. When you pick a statue with a certain mudra, it is a calculated step to bring that feeling, whether it is peace, protection, or light, to your living space. Knowing the sign enables you to be certain that you are creating the right atmosphere at your altar or in your meditation ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌room.

1. The Earth Witness Mudra (Bhumisparsha Mudra)

This may be the one and only most potent and most easily identifiable gesture among all the works of Buddhist art. It is the depiction of the instant of Buddha’s Enlightenment.

What it looks like: The way to show this is through the left hand resting on lap, palm facing upward (meditation). The right hand stretched out toward the right knee with the fingers touching the earth or pointing to it.
The meaning: It stands for the spiritual “showdown.” When Siddhartha was about to attain enlightenment, the demon Mara confronted him and asked who would be the witness of his right to reach such a state. Siddhartha didn’t argue but he just touched the earth. It is said that Earth Goddess herself came out to witness his innumerable lifetimes of virtue, thus, helping Siddhartha to overcome Mara’s temptation.
The Energy: It is a very firm gesture. It signifies the triumph of the “higher self” over doubt, fear, and desire. It indicates that truth does not have to be shouted; it only has to be seen.
Where to place it: A figure with this mudra is an absolutely clear figurative image of an altar or a quiet corner in the study, showing profound understanding and your indestructible inner ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌power.

bhumisparsha mudra buddha statue — Bhumisparsha Mudra Buddha Statue

2. The Meditation Mudra (Dhyana Mudra)

Just think of a gesture that stands for absolute calmness and concentration – that would be it. If you are looking for a Buddha statue as a personal practice altar, then this is clearly the eternal choice.

How it looks: The hands clasp the lap; both the palms are turned upwards, and the right hand is laid over the left one in a gentle manner. Often the thumbs are slightly touching thus forming a closed triangle or some kind of ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌vessel.
The meaning: This sign conveys the concentration and profound meditation that comes as a result of the quest for spiritual perfection. The container made by hands stands for the emptiness of the world and the unity of mind and body.
The Energy: Serenity, unshakable focus, and inner harmony.
Where to place it: Your main meditation room would be the perfect place, a bedroom, or any spot where you crave quiet and rest. A‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ Buddha idol embodying this condition is extremely helpful in calming the mind and, therefore, it becomes a lot easier to concentrate for longer periods of time.

3. The Fearlessness Mudra (Abhaya Mudra)

Abhaya Mudra is a powerful and caring gesture, the one that brings safety and comfort. If you are looking for a Buddha statues for the garden or the gate, this mudra is mostly picked up for its clear and warm message.

How it looks: The hand is raised to the shoulder with the palm facing away, the arm is bent. The left hand can be just hanging by the side or lying on the ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌lap.
The meaning: This is the “stop,” “fear not,” or “protection” sign. Buddha is said to have used it to quiet his assault on an elephant, thus, it stands for the power of the divine bringing peace and protection. It absorbs the fear and brings out the bravery.
The Energy: Boldness, kindness, and the feeling of being protected are some of the attributes of the energy.
Where to place it: Near the main door of your home or workplace, it is great in indicating a welcome to visitors and keeping negativity ‌ ‌ ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌away.

4. The Teaching Mudra (Vitarka Mudra)

This‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ is the gesture of a reasonable, intelligent, and knowledge-sharing discussion which also involves disputing the opposite view.

How it looks: The arm is lifted with the palm outward. The thumb and forefinger are joined to make a circle. The remaining three fingers are sticking up.
The meaning: The round shape made by the thumb and forefinger stands for the uninterrupted flow of intellect and the cycle of teachings, it refers to the universal law of Dharma which has no beginning or end. It is the communication of Dharma.
The Energy: Clarity, teaching, and intellectual power.
Where to place it: A study, library, or office would be the best place for it, anywhere learning and discussion are the main themes. Choosing‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ Buddha home decor, let the mudra be your guide based on the vibe you wish to bring.

5. The Gift-Giving Mudra (Varada Mudra)

The‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ Varada Mudra is a sign that shows the gesture of giving, loving-kindness and also the bestowing of desires.

How it looks: Typically, the arm is stretched down with the hand turned a bit inward. The palm can be facing a little outward or forward, and the fingers are long and pointing downward.
The meaning: This hand gesture stands for giving, welcoming, and being honest. It is an influential memory of the moral being generous and loving all creatures.
The Energy: Giving, loving-kindness, and ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌joy.
Where to place it: This gesture is one of giving, welcoming, and being genuine. It is an impressive call to the moral attribute of giving and loving all living ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌creatures.

Choosing the Right Mudra for Your Space

If‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ you are going to buy a Buddha statue as part of your home decor, you may want to consider the mudra and figure out what type of energy you wish to ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌create.

Your Goal	Recommended Mudra	Why?
Cultivate Peace & Focus	Dhyana Mudra (Meditation)	Instills deep calm and concentration.
Require Strength & Truth	Bhumisparsha Mudra (Earth Witness)	Represents unwavering resolve and enlightenment.
Desire Protection & Safety	Abhaya Mudra (Fearlessness)	Dispels fear and offers reassurance.
Encourage Learning & Wisdom	Vitarka Mudra (Teaching)	Promotes clarity in thought and discourse.
Seek Compassion & Charity	Varada Mudra (Gift Giving)	A reminder of generosity and acceptance.

Mudras and Materials: The Final Seal

Whatever‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ it is that you might have picked out: a nice durable bronze Buddha statue for the garden, or an intricately detailed wood carving for the shelf – most of the time, it is the material that decides the completion of the mudra:

Brass/Bronze: The two metals are regularly seen in the figures of Bhumisparcha and Abhaya mudras, and the metals symbolize strength and power as well as longevity.
Wood/Stone: Perfect for Dhyana mudras in meditation halls, these materials have the ability to create a natural, earthy ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌atmosphere.

Mudras are essentially human truths and a spiritual path presented in a very simple and elegant way. Their amazing power lies in their ability to transcend language and communicate these truths not only to the present but also ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌beyond.

Knowing these hand positions your statue is no longer just an ornamental item but a spiritual anchor of great depth, resonating with the energy you require most.

Take a look at all of our Buddha statues Collection and decide on the mudra that fits best with your spiritual ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌place.

Significance of Bodhi Day & Symbolism of the Bodhi Tree in Buddha Statues

Have you ever thought what thoughts arise when seeing a calm and peaceful Buddha Statue? You are likely thinking of the bronze or the stone, but the subject of our contemplation is much heavier than the material itself. The patina of history and a tale of awakening. The mortal subject of the statue had a very significant awakening and realization over 2500 years ago, under a tree. Every still gaze and pointed hand gesture directs us to a single awakening, under a single tree, and a single night.

It is this awakening that leads Buddhists worldwide to celebrate Bodhi Day on December 8th each year. It is the essence of the entire tradition. Bodhi Day means and remembers the moment that earth broke apart when Siddhartha Gautama became enlightened (bodhi) and became the “Awakened One”, Shakyamuni Buddha.

Understanding the significance of Bodhi Day, as well as the symbolism of the Bodhi Tree, can provide a more special space but also a more inward connection toward the wisdom path of the statues. To begin, you can check out our variety of Buddha Statues.

Bodhi Day: The Triumph of Wisdom

Bodhi Day is not a celebration of the Buddha’s birth but his final triumph over suffering. After years of his search for truth, including an unsuccessful trial of extreme austerity for six years, Siddhartha sat under the Ficus religiosa (the Peepal Tree) with a one-pointed determination: “I will not rise from this seat until I know the truth.”

The traditional story eloquently portrays the spirit of that pivotal night. As Siddhartha sat with the heavy weight of his mind, regioned in meditation, Mara would challenge him, the demon that personifies distraction, temptation and the fear of death. Through steadfast focus, he broke through the veil of distraction to discover the universal principles of being:

He learned about the principle of cause and effect (Karma).
He learned the Four Noble Truths, the foundational teaching of taking suffering wisdom and the path to freedom.

As the morning star appeared, Siddhartha rose, transformed. Bodhi Day is our annual reminder that great wisdom is not a gift, but an achievement available to anyone who commits to the path.

How it’s Observed in the West?

Here in the US, many Buddhist communities mark Bodhi Day not with elaborate fanfare, but with focused sincerity. Typical practices include:

Extended Meditations: Many sustain extra periods of silent meditation, sometimes holding vigils all night long (Rōhatsu in Zen culture) since the intensity of the Buddha’s final exertion is honored and dedicated to practice.
Thinking about Dharma: Practitioners of many kinds often will think about the actual teaching of the Buddha or simple Four Noble Truths.
Lights of Awakening: People may decorate their homes or temples with lights or strings of beads representing the wisdom that spreads light.

The Bodhi Tree: Witness to Awakening

The tree under which all of this took place was a type of fig, known scientifically by the genus Ficus, and given bodhi meaning “Awakening.” The tree at Bodh Gaya, India, is one of the most revered places of significance on the planet.

Why so central? Because it stood. It was the physical presence, the witnessing and silent witness to the single most important event in Buddhist history. The world recognized Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Tree located in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, which grew from a cutting in the 3rd century BCE, is said to be the oldest living tree planted by humans in the world.

Symbolism in Buddhist Art

Buddhist art depicting the Bodhi Tree symbolizes:

Wisdom and Understanding: An extended, heart-shaped leaf of the Ficus religiosa has turned into one of the iconic symbols in Buddhist art to demonstrate the realization that occurred there.
A Spiritual Point of Reference: It illustrates the unshakeable grounding of the Dharma, a refuge for one’s spirit free and safe from the distractions of the outside world.
An Earlier Symbol: Before artists carved the Buddha in human form (the Shakyamuni figure), and prior to the Bodhi Tree being shown with the classically empty throne sitting below it under the tree; the Bodhi Tree was the main way to symbolize the event of enlightenment.

garden buddha statues — Garden Buddha Statues Collection

The Bodhi Tree’s Role in Buddha Statues

When sculpting a Buddha Statue, sculptors are able to select a particular mudra, or hand gesture, that relates to an aspect of enlightenment; two of the poses refer to or at least recognize the sacred night underneath the tree.

1. The Earth-Touching Gesture (Bhumisparsha Mudra)

This is the most recognizable pose of enlightenment and most referenced and closest in meaning to the Bodhi Tree.

The statue rests in a comfortable position of deep meditation.
The left hand rests in the lap while the right hand faces down and touches the earth.

This shared knowledge reflects the realization of the Buddha. The gesture demonstrates the Buddha calling upon the earth, the silent witness who offered him shelter, to affirm his knowledge to Mara’s claims. If one is searching for a true image of the Buddha with unshakeable faith, make sure to include this pose found within one of our Sitting Buddha Statues into your collection.

2. The Gesture of Concentration (Dhyana Mudra)

While Bhumisparsha is celebrating the state that one worked for – the outcome itself – Dhyana Mudra represents the steady, deep, calm process to arrive to this state:

Both hands rest in the lap, although the palms often face up across or even partly overlapping each other, as in the previous example.

This pose symbolizes the deep concentration and perfect inner peace Siddhartha maintained during his long night of vigil. A statue in the Dhyana Mudra is a perfect focal point for your own practice, reminding you to seek calm within. Find statues in this serene pose in our Meditating Buddha Statues selection.

By selecting a statue that reflects this profound theme of history and spirituality—such as the calm centeredness of the Dhyana pose or the affirming witness of the Bhumisparsha pose, would be a way of recognizing Bodhi Day and bringing a piece of the Bodhi Tree into your home.

Buddhist Mantras for Daily Life: Finding Balance, Peace, & Focus

Do you ever feel like life is moving too fast, leaving you searching for a moment of peace and clarity? You’re not alone. Many of us struggle to maintain balance in our daily lives. But here’s the good news: Buddhist mantras offer a simple yet powerful way to reconnect with yourself and cultivate inner calm.

Let’s explore how these ancient chants can bring focus, peace, and balance to your everyday routine.

What Exactly Are Buddhist Mantras?

Imagine having a tool that helps calm your mind, reduce stress, and even boost your emotional well-being. That’s what Buddhist mantras are all about! They’re sacred words or phrases, often chanted, repeated silently, or even written down, designed to help you focus and find clarity.

Think of them as anchors for your mind—keeping you grounded when the waves of life feel overwhelming.

Buddhist statues — Click to view our Bronze Buddhist Statues

Why Should You Try Chanting Buddhist Mantras?

Here are some benefits that might surprise you:

They Quiet the Noise: Struggling to focus? Chanting mantras can declutter your thoughts.
Stress Melts Away: The repetitive nature of a mantra is like a lullaby for your brain, easing stress and anxiety.
Positive Vibes Only: Many mantras are about compassion and love, helping you radiate good energy.
Better Energy Flow: Ever felt “off”? Mantras can help restore your inner balance.

Doesn’t this sound like something we could all use?

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Let’s Dive Into Some Popular Mantras

Ready to start? Here are a few mantras you can try today:

1. Om Mani Padme Hum

Translation: “The jewel in the lotus.”
Why It’s Amazing: It’s all about compassion and wisdom—perfect for calming the mind and opening the heart.

2. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo

Translation: “Devotion to the mystic law of cause and effect.”
How It Helps: Feeling stuck? This mantra inspires resilience and helps you embrace life’s challenges.

3. Om Tare Tuttare Ture Soha

Translation: A call to Tara, the goddess of protection.
When to Use It: If you need healing energy or help overcoming obstacles, this one’s for you.

4. Gate Gate Paragate Parasamgate Bodhi Svaha

Translation: “Gone beyond, enlightenment hail!”
Best For: Mindfulness and clarity—great for those moments when you’re overwhelmed.

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How to Make Mantras Part of Your Day

Not sure how to start? It’s easier than you think!

Morning Boost: Spend just 5 minutes chanting a mantra when you wake up to set a positive tone for the day.
Stress Breaks: Feeling overwhelmed at work? Take a moment to silently repeat a mantra.
Evening Calm: Wind down with a mantra before bed to release tension and invite peace.
Walk and Chant: Try combining mantras with a walk—it’s a great way to align your mind and body.

Quick Tips for Beginners

Pick One Mantra: Don’t overwhelm yourself; start with one mantra that resonates with you.
Stay Consistent: Practice daily—it’s the small steps that lead to big changes.
Create a Ritual: Light a candle, find a quiet spot, and make mantra chanting your personal sacred time.

Click here to view our Thai Buddha Statues Collection

Finding Peace, One Chant at a Time

Buddhist mantras aren’t just for monks in temples—they’re for anyone looking to bring balance, peace, and focus into their lives. You’ll be surprised at the calm and clarity they bring by dedicating just a few minutes each day to chanting or meditating with these mantras.

So, are you ready to transform your day? Choose your mantra, start small, and watch as it becomes a cherished part of your daily routine.

Life of the Buddha – The Light of Asia

stone-garden-buddha-statue — Stone Buddha garden statue wearing painted robes

The Buddha brought the world a philosophy in which to navigate the world of suffering. Here is a brief account of the life he led and the experiences that showed him the middle way to the cessation of suffering and samasara.

Birth

Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha, the “Awakened,” was the son of Suddhodana, ruler of the Sakhyas, a region lying to the northeast of Oude, in northern India and now this place is inside the border of the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal. It is believed that Queen Maya, wife of the King Suddhodana, had a dream that a shiny light appeared in the sky, gradually approached her, and melted into her body. The queen filled with joy described the dream to her husband and both of them met a wise man to know the meaning of the dream. The wise man’s words made the king very happy as the man explained that the king is going to have an heir to the throne. The prophecy came true and the queen gave birth to a beautiful son in the Lumbini gardens. All the people experienced great happiness and peace of mind. The joyous parents named the cute little Prince “Siddhartha”, which means “the one who has brought about all good.”

The words of hermit Asita

Asita was a Holy teacher and he came to visit the newborn. He saw many good signs in the child and told the king that if the child chooses to stay with the king, then he will be one of the greatest rulers in history, who will rein a large kingdom and keep the people happy. However, if the child chooses to leave the palace, seeking a way to end all suffering of humanity, then he will attain the greatest knowledge and will become the greatest spiritual leader ever.

Childhood

The queen Maya could not stay long with Siddhartha and she asked her sister to take care of the little prince. The Prince grew up to be a handsome and kindhearted young man. He always loved to remain alone in the garden, when other children of his age group were busy with harsh games. He spent his childhood in Kapilavastu and its vicinity, and was very passionate to all the living beings; even the wild animals were friendly with him. Many instances that took place during his childhood describe the passion, love, and kindheartedness of the prince. The prince was very bright and intelligent in studies but never liked to learn how to rule a kingdom.

Marriage

The king was so happy to know about the intelligence of his son, while sad that the prince was very gentle. Therefore, he along with the minister made a plan and found the perfect match for the Prince. Siddhartha was married to Princess Yasodhara at the age of sixteen.

thai buddha — Sukhothai style Thai Buddha statue

Path of renunciation

Prince Siddhartha was happy with his wife and they were blessed with a son, named Rahula. At the age of twenty-nine, the prince wanted to know more about his people and the world outside his palace gardens. He managed to get out of the palace and roam in the streets, with his servant Channa. The sight of a decrepit old man, a sick man, and a corpse changed the life of the prince and turned him to the path of renunciation. These sights made him leave the palace, wealth, power, father, wife, and his only child to find a way to renounce the world of miseries and sorrows.

Enlightenment

The prince reached Magadha, and met the saints Arada and Udraka and learned from them. He was not satisfied with their teachings and moved to Nairangana River, near the holy town of Gaya. He then began to practice yoga, severe austerities, and Pranayama for several years. He finally tried to attain supreme peace by practicing self-mortification. He sat below the sacred Pipal tree or fig tree at Bodhi Gaya, abstained from all temptations, his mind became calm and relaxed, and by midnight, he attained nirvana. He woke up very happily with a calm and peaceful smile, and his face shone with divine splendor and effulgence. He became the Buddha, meaning the Awakened One. He was also known as Sakhya-Muni.

His Teaching or Dharma

Buddha traveled to different villages and farms of Banaras and wanted to spread the knowledge to all people and relieve all from the sufferings of this worldly life. His teachings were so powerful that regardless of the conditions, caste, creed, or types of men and women, people began to listen to his teaching and found that self-realization is the only way to get supreme peace of mind and happiness. Buddha treated all people as one, without any discrimination for the rich or poor, simple or intelligent, of noble birth or low. His first teaching, known as “Turning the Wheel of the Dharma,” given to five monks, who pleaded for knowledge to Buddha in the Deer Park, at Sarnath around 527 BC. He also revealed the four noble truths of life. People were attracted to him and he used different ways of teaching, which included interesting stories that will appease the children.

King Bimbisara was a disciple of Buddha and always visited Vulture’s Peak, where Buddha and his disciples lived. Buddha returned to his kingdom and by his great teaching converted his father, wife, son, and all his dear ones to his disciples.

enlightened buddha statue — The Buddha in the moments after his enlightenment

Final Journey

At the age of eighty, Buddha felt that it is time to return to the palace where he grew up. He summoned his faithful Ananda, and started to Kapilavasthu. On the way, Buddha and his disciples passed through the village of Kushinagar. Buddha told Ananda that this is the place where he shall pass away.

Buddha, “the enlightened one,” traveled preaching the Dharma and was successful in saving many people from sacrificing the lives of innocent animals, as a part of their religious customs. Buddha is the founder of Buddhism and his teaching is known to fill with excessive intellectualism and agnosticism. The great historian Edward Arnold referred to the great legend Buddha as the “Light of Asia.”

25 Quotes from Lord Buddha

For the world, Buddha means “Awakened One” or “the enlightened one.”
He, through his teachings, tried to relieve people from the mental obstructions.
The teachings of this great man are known as The Four Noble Truths or the Noble Eight-fold Path and here are some of the quotes that will inspire you, make you think, and reflect the deeper truth of reality.

Inspirational Buddha Quotes

1. The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, nor to worry about the future, but to live the present moment wisely and earnestly.

2. All wrong doing arises because of mind. If mind is transformed can wrong doing remain?

3. Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened. Happiness never decreases by being shared.

4. Embrace nothing:

If you meet the Buddha, kill the Buddha.

If you meet your father, kill your father.

Only live your life as it is,

Not bound to anything

5. In the end

These things matter most:

How well did you love?

How fully did you live?

How deeply did you let go?

6. Do not dwell in the past; do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.

7. However many holy words you read, however many you speak, what good will they do you if you do not act on upon them?

8. There is nothing more dreadful than the habit of doubt. Doubt separates people. It is a poison that disintegrates friendships and breaks up pleasant relations. It is a thorn that irritates and hurts; it is a sword that kills.

9. All that we are is the result of what we have thought. If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him. If a man speaks or acts with a pure thought, happiness follows him, like a shadow that never leaves him.

10. Let us rise up and be thankful, for if we didn’t learn a lot at least we learned a little, and if we didn’t learn a little, at least we didn’t get sick, and if we got sick, at least we didn’t die; so, let us all be thankful.

11. Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense.

12. In the sky, there is no distinction of east and west; people create distinctions out of their own minds and then believe them to be true

Calming Buddha Quotes

1. To understand everything is to forgive everything.

2. The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows

3. Hatred does not cease through hatred at any time. Hatred ceases through love. This is an unalterable law.

4. The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows

5. Work out your own salvation. Do not depend on others

6. The following lines are taken from Dhammapada:

Mind is the forerunner of (all evil) states. Mind is chief; mind-made are they. If one speaks or acts with wicked mind, suffering follows one, even as the wheel follows the hoof of the draught-ox.

Mind is the forerunner of (all good) states. Mind is chief; mind-made are they. If one speaks or acts with pure mind, AFFECTION follows one, even as one’s shadow that never leaves.

7. If your compassion does not include yourself, it is incomplete.

8. An insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a wild beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your mind.

9. The tongue like a sharp knife… Kills without drawing blood.

10. To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to one’s family, to bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control one’s own mind. If a man can control his mind he can find the way to Enlightenment, and all wisdom and virtue will naturally come to him.

11. To be idle is a short road to death and to be diligent is a way of life; foolish people are idle, wise people are diligent.

12. When one has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one finds pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these feelings and appreciates them, one is free of fear.

13. Every human being is the author of his own health or disease

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